Below are several articles by rabbis and scholars about the halachic and medical issues surrounding organ donation. The HOD Society recommends readers review several articles in order to best educate themselves about the major issues, especially the debate regarding the moment of death. We have listed them
below by relevance, and have included HOD Comments for each article.
| 216 entries found. |
| 1. | | Brain Death Controversy in Jewish Law, The
Download: English
Author: Breitowitz, Rabbi Yitzchak
Publication: Jewish Action
Year: 1992, Spring 5752
HOD Comment: A clear overview and input from R. Tendler |
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| 2. | | Brain Death I: A Status Report of Medical and Ethical Considerations
Download: English
Author: F. J. Veith et al.
Publication: The Journal of the American Medical Association
Year: 1977
HOD Comment: Please note the words of Rabbi Moshe Feinstein! |
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| 3. | | Brain Death II: A Status Report of Legal Considerations
Download: English
Author: F. J. Veith et al.
Publication: Journal of the American Medical Association
Year: 1977 |
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| 4. | | Halakhic Death Means Brain Death
Download: English
Author: Tendler, Rabbi Moshe David
Publication: Jewish Review
Year: 1990, January-February |
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| 5. | | RCA Health Care Proxy, The
Download: English
Author: Angel, Rabbi Marc D.
Publication: Jewish Action
Year: 1992, Spring 5752 |
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| 6. | | A Matter of Life and Death
Download: English
Author: Zwiebel, Chaim Dovid
Publication: Jewish Observer, The
Year: 1991, Summer |
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| 7. | | A Matter of Life and Death — Revisited
Download: English
Author: Unknown
Publication: Jewish Observer, The
Year: 1991, October |
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| 8. | | Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Auerbach and Rabbi Shlomo Elyashiv on Brain-Stem Death
Download: English Hebrew
Author: Auerbach, Rav Shlomo Zalman; Elyashiv, Rav Shlomo
Publication: Yated Ne'eman
Year: 1991
Publisher: Yated Neeman
HOD Comment: It seems this ruling was published twice, a year apart, with slight - yet important - changes. (The original ruling is attached as English document and the latter one as Hebrew document.) It has been said that the second ruling was issued due to the results of the sheep experiment.
Rabbi Dr. Avraham Steinberg explains the difference of opinions between Rav Auerbach and Rav Elyashiv even though they jointly published this ruling, “While Rav Auerbach agreed with R. Eliashiv that at the time one can't obtain organs from a brain-dead person, their reasoning was different. According to Rav Eliashiv the brain-stem dead person is alive because his heart is still pumping, while according to Rav Auerbach the reason was that such a person is "safek met safek gosses" (it is unknown if the person is dead or in the process of dying). This is a significant difference since in that if a validated test can be done that will assure the total destruction of the brain and on the other hand will not interfere with laws of gosses, then according to Rav Auerbach organs can be taken even if the heart is still functioning. My summary (ASSIA #53-54, p.13) of Rav Auerbach’s opinion was very carefully reviewed by him before publication, and he subsequently conveyed to Rabbi Mordechai Halperin that of all the documentation concerning his opinion it is this summary that most accurately describes his position in totality." |
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| 9. | | Monetary Compensation for Donating Kidneys
Download: English
Author: Grazi MD, Richard; Wolowelsky PhD, Joel
Publication: IMAJ
Year: 2004
HOD Comment: Arguments why Jewish law supports the legalization of purchasing and selling kidneys. |
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| 10. | | Medical Responsa
Download: English
Author: Feinstein, Rabbi Moshe
Publication: Cross Roads: Halacha and the Modern World; Page 129
Year: Unknown |
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| 11. | | Establishing Death, Signs of Death, Heart Transplants
Download: English Hebrew
Author: Feinstein, Rabbi Moshe
Publication: Igrot Moshe Yoreh Deah, Vol. III, 132
Year: Over Many Years |
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| 12. | | Rav Moshe Feinstein's Position on Death and Organ Donation.pdf
Download: English
Author: Tendler, Rabbi Moshe
Publication:
Year: |
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| 13. | | Moment of Death
Download: English
Author: Feinstien, Rabbi Moshe; Auerbach, Rabbi Shlomo Zalman
Publication: Jewish Medical Ethics, Vol II No. 2
Year: 1995 |
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| 14. | | Letter to Dr. Elliot Bondi by Rabbi Moshe Feinstein
Download: English Hebrew
Author: Feinstein, R. Moshe
Publication: ASSIA Book, Vol. 7, page 148 -148(a)
Year: 1993
HOD Comment: This letter is from Rav Moshe Feinstein addressed to Dr. Elliot Bondi, reaffirming that brain death is death according to Halacha. The letter was dictated to Rabbi Mordechai Tendler in Yiddish by Rabbi Moshe Feinstein, as were all of his correspondence in the latter days of his life. Rabbi Mordechai Tendler translated the Yiddish into Hebrew and Rabbi Yitzchak Zundel Swiatycki typed the letter in Hebrew. Rav Moshe Feinstein reviewed the typed letter and after affirming that it accurately reflected his position, he signed it and stamped it.
[This photocopy was taken ASSIA magazine. At the bottom, there is an editorial note that comingles the names of Rabbi Mordechai Tendler with Rabbi Yitzchak Zundel Swiatycki, referring to them as Rabbi Mordechai Swiatycki.]
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| 15. | | Opinion of Rav Moshe Feinstein
Download: English Hebrew
Author: Feinstien, Rabbi Dovid
Publication: ASSIA Book, Vol. 7, page 147
Year:
HOD Comment: Rabbi Dovid Feinstein testifies that his father's position was a person is halachicly dead if s/he can not breathe on his/her own and its irreversable - even if the heart is still beating. |
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| 16. | | Rav Moshe Feinstein's Postion on Brain-stem Death Clarified
Download: English Hebrew
Author: Rappaport, Rabbi Shabtai
Publication: ASSIA Book, Vol. 7, page 148(5)-148(7)
Year: 1993
HOD Comment: Letter from Rabbi Shabtai Rappaport to Rabbi Mordechai Halperin expounding Rav Moshe Feinstein's Position. Rabbi Shabtai Rappaport was Rav Moshe Feinstein's amanuensis for the last two volumes of Iggrot Moshe. |
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| 17. | | Opinion of Rabbi Moshe Feinstein
Download: Hebrew
Author: Halperin, Rabbi Mordechai; Rappaport, Rabbi Shabtai, Levenstien, Rabbi Yisrael
Publication: ASSIA Book, Vol. 7, page 137-146
Year: 1993 |
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| 18. | | Letter from R. Feinstein on Brain-stem Death Legislation
Download: English
Author: Feinstein, Rabbi Moshe
Publication: Letter to Assemblyman Miller
Year: |
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| 19. | | Letter from R. Auerbach on Gosses
Download: English
Author: Auerbach, Rabbi Shlomo Zalman
Publication: Jewish Medical Ethics, Vol. II, No. 2
Year: May 1995 |
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| 20. | | Rabbi Moshe Feinstein on the Treatment of the Terminally Ill.
Download: English
Author: Feinstein, Rabbi Moshe as per ?
Publication: The 2nd International Colloquium of Medicine, Ethics and Halacha
Year: 1996 |
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| 21. | | Determining Death - A Review of Positions
Download: Hebrew
Author: Rav Steinberg
Publication: ASSIA
Year: 1994
HOD Comment: According to Rabbi Doctor Avraham Steinberg, Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach approved of each word in this article that Rabbi Steinberg wrote describing Rabbi Auerbach's position. |
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| 22. | | The Waiting Game: The Struggle to Find Organ Donors with the Less then Generous Public
Download: English
Author: Dr. Sally Satel
Publication: In Character
Year: 2006
HOD Comment: A personal plea to legalize the purchasing of organs. |
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| 23. | | Living Will (Health Care Proxy): Rabbinical Council of America (RCA)
Download: English
Author: Bioethics Committee of the RCA
Publication:
Year: 1991 |
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| 24. | | Chief Rabbinate of Israel: Ruling on Organ Donation
Download: English Hebrew
Author: Chief Rabbinate of Israel, Halachic Committee
Publication:
Year: 1986 |
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| 25. | | Living Will: Agudath Israel of America (Agudah)
Download: English
Author:
Publication:
Year: 1991
HOD Comment: Please do not print this article and use it as a living will. This document is here for research and historical purposes only. The Aggudah asks you to please call them to obtain the latest version at the Agudath Israel of Americah (Agudah)call 212-797-9000.
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| 26. | | Determining Death and Delayal of Burial
Download: Hebrew
Author: Waldenberg, Rabbi Eliezer Yehuda
Publication: Reponsum Tzitz Eliezer 9:46
Year: |
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| 27. | | Tests to Determine the Time of Brain Death
Download: English
Author: Unknown
Publication: Unknown
Year: Unknown |
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| 28. | | Transplantation
Download: English
Author: Prof. Avraham Steinberg
Publication: Encyclopedia of Jewish Medical Ethics
Year: ?
HOD Comment: Translated by Dr. Fred Rosner |
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| 29. | | Halachic Definition of Death in Light of Medical History, The
Download: English
Author: Reichman, Dr. Edward
Publication: Torah U-Madda Journal, The
Year: 1993 |
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| 30. | | An Overview of Organ Transplantation
Download: English
Author: Durst, Prof. Aryeh
Publication: ASSIA Journal of Jewish Medical Ethics and Halacha;Vol. III, No. 1
Year: 1997, January |
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| 31. | | Medical-Halachic Decisions of Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Auerbach (1910-1995)
Download: English
Author: Steinberg, Dr./Rabbi Avraham
Publication: ASSIA Journal of Jewish Medical Ethics and Halacha;Vol. III, No. 1
Year: 1997, January |
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| 32. | | Sheep Experiment - Hebrew
Download: Hebrew
Author: Auerbach, Rabbi Shlomo Zalman as discussed by Yosef Eliyahu
Publication: Hatorah Hamesamachat
Year: 1998 |
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| 33. | | The Laws of Saving Lives: Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Auerbach
Download: English
Author: Halperin, Dr./Rabbi Mordechai
Publication: ASSIA Journal of Jewish Medical Ethics and Halacha; Vol. III, No. 1
Year: 1997, January |
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| 34. | | Organ Transplants: Responsa
Download: English
Author: Yisraeli, Rabbi Shaul
Publication: ASSIA Journal of Jewish Medical Ethics and Halacha;Vol. III, No. 1
Year: 1997, January |
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| 35. | | Rabbi Moshe Feinstein's Influence on Medical Halacha
Download: English
Author: Rosner, Dr. Fred
Publication: Journal of Halacha and Contemporary Society/XX, The
Year: 1990, Fall / Succot 5751 |
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| 36. | | Ethics of Organ Donations, The
Download: English
Author: Tendler, Rabbi Dr. Moses
Publication: N/A
Year: 1995, December 4
HOD Comment: A Lecture Summary |
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| 37. | | Artificial Heart Implantation
Download: English
Author: Bleich, Rabbi J. David
Publication: Contemporary Halachic Problems, Vol. III, Chapter VIII
Year: 1989
Publisher: Ktav, New York |
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| 38. | | ASSIA - Abstracts
Download: English
Author: Fink, Ph.D., David
Publication: Jewish Medical Ethics
Year: 1997, January |
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| 39. | | An Introduction to Organ Transplantation
Download: English
Author: Rosner, Dr. Fred
Publication: ASSIA Magazine, Jewish Medical Ethics
Year: 1997, January |
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| 40. | | Ethical Aspects of Organ Transplantation
Download: English
Author: Glick, Prof. Shimon
Publication: ASSIA Magazine, Jewish Medical Ethics
Year: 1997, January |
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| 41. | | Ethical Aspects of Organ Transplantation - Hebrew
Download: Hebrew
Author: Glick, Prof. Shimon
Publication: The First International Colloquium on Medicine, Ethics & Halacha
Year: 1993 |
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| 42. | | Death According to the Halacha
Download: English
Author: Soloveitchik, Rabbi Ahron
Publication: Journal of Halacha and Contemporary Society/XVII, The
Year: 1989, Spring / /Pesach 5749 |
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| 43. | | Definition of Death in Judaism
Download: English
Author: Rosner, Dr. Fred & Tendler, Rabbi Moshe David
Publication: Journal of Halacha and Contemporary Society/XVII, The
Year: 1989, Spring / Pesach 5749 |
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| 44. | | Accomodating Religious Objections to Brain Death: Legal Considerations
Download: English
Author: Zwiebel, Esq., Chaim Dovid
Publication: Journal of Halacha and Contemporary Society, The
Year: 1989, Spring
HOD Comment: Highly recommended reading! |
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| 45. | | Determining Death
Download: English
Author: Shachter, Rabbi Herschel
Publication: Journal of Halacha and Contemporary Society/XVII, The
Year: 1989, Spring / Pesach 5749 |
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| 46. | | Medical Aspects of Brain Death
Download: English
Author: Kielson, Dr. Marshall
Publication: Journal of Halacha and Contemporary Society/XVII, The
Year: 1989, Spring / Pesach 5749 |
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| 47. | | Laws of Saving Lives: The Teachings of Rabbi S. Z. Auerbach, The
Download: English
Author: Halperin, Dr. Mordechai
Publication: Jewish Medical Ethics
Year: 1997, January |
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| 48. | | Barriers to Organ Donation in the Jewish Community
Download: English
Author: Feld MD, Jordan; Sherbin, Pat; Cole MD, Edward
Publication: Journal of Transplant Coordination, Vol.8:19-24, Number 1
Year: 1998, March
HOD Comment: Reprint Requests: Phone 416-921-1130, email more@transplant-ontario.org |
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| 49. | | All Take and No Give
Download: English
Author: Berkowitz, Adena K.
Publication: Moment
Year: 1995, August |
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| 50. | | Disconnecting a Terminal Patient From an Artificial Respirator
Download: English
Author: HaLevi, Rabbi C. D.
Publication: Cross Roads: Halacha and the Modern World; Page 147
Year: Unknown |
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| 51. | | Determination of Death
Download: Hebrew
Author: Prof. Avraham. S. Avraham
Publication: Nishmas Avraham, Volume II
Year: ? |
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| 52. | | Moment of Death
Download: English Hebrew
Author: Prof. Avraham Steinberg
Publication: Encyclopedia of Jewish Medical Ethics
Year: ?
HOD Comment: The Hebrew was translated into English by Dr. Fred Rosner |
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| 53. | | Halachic Aspects of Organ Transplantation
Download: English
Author: Fink, Rabbi Reuven
Publication: Journal of Halacha and Contemporary Society/V, The
Year: 1983, Spring |
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| 54. | | How A Rabbi Decides A Medical Halacha Issue
Download: English
Author: Breitowitz, Rabbi Yitzchok
Publication: Synopsis of Presentation, Conference on Jewish Medical Ethics, San Francisco, CA
Year: 1996, February 18-20 |
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| 55. | | Ovadiah Yosef Rules Kidney Donations Permissible, Even Obligatory
Download: English
Author: Unknown
Publication: News Report
Year: Unknown |
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| 56. | | Organ Transplant: Soon It May Be a Routine Part of the Jewish Death Ritual
Download: English
Author: Unknown
Publication: Jewish Voice, The
Year: 1996, December |
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| 57. | | Jewish Perspectives on Death and Dying
Download: English
Author: Rosner, Dr. Fred
Publication: Journal of Halacha and Contemporary Society/XI, The; also ASSIA, V. II, #1, 1991
Year: 1986, Spring / Pesach 5746 |
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| 58. | | Halachic Questions: Heart Transplants
Download: English
Author: Cohen, Rabbi J. Simcha
Publication: Jewish Press, The
Year: 1995, Friday, 30 June |
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| 59. | | Organ Transplants
Download: English
Author: Bleich, Rabbi J. David
Publication: Judaism and Healing
Year: 2002
Publisher: KTAV Publishing House |
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| 60. | | Cadavaric Organ Transplantation
Download: Hebrew
Author: Halperin, M.D., Rabbi Mordechai
Publication: Conference on Medicine, Ethics, and Jewish Law
Year: |
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| 61. | | As Good As Dead: Is There Really Such a Thing as Brain Death
Download: English
Author: Greenberg, Gary
Publication: New Yorker, The
Year: 2002, 8/13 circa |
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| 62. | | Source Material (Biblical & Rabbinic)
Download: English
Author: Compiled by Dina Neiman Licht
Publication:
Year: 2002 |
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| 63. | | Organ Transplantation
Download: Hebrew
Author: Waldenberg, Rabbi Eliezer Yehuda
Publication: Reponsum Tzitz Eliezer 13:91
Year: Unknown |
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| 64. | | Prohibition of Tattooing, The
Download: English
Author: Abraham, Dr. Abraham S.
Publication: Nishmat Avraham/ Vol.III /Yoreh Deah/ Page 91/ Siman 180
Year: Unknown |
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| 65. | | For Whom May Sabbath Laws be Set Aside
Download: English
Author: Abraham, Dr. Abraham S.
Publication: Nishmat Avraham/Vol. I/ Orach Chaim/ Page 216/ Siman 329
Year: Unknown |
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| 66. | | Skin Transplants for Burn Victims
Download: English
Author: Yisraeli, Rabbi Shaul
Publication: Cross Roads: Halacha and the Modern World; Page 137
Year: Unknown |
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| 67. | | Chronic Vegetative Patient: A Torah Perspective, The
Download: English
Author: Friedman, Dr. Fred
Publication: Journal of Halacha and Contemporary Society/XXVI, The
Year: 1993, Fall / Succoth 5754 |
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| 68. | | Time of Death
Download: English
Author: Bleich, Rabbi J. David
Publication: Judaism and Healing
Year: 2002
Publisher: KTAV Publishing House |
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| 69. | | Laws Concerning a Gosses, The
Download: English
Author: Abraham, Dr. Abraham S.
Publication: Nishmat Avraham/ VII / Yoreh Deah/ Page 300/ Siman 339
Year: Unknown |
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| 70. | | Living Will, The
Download: English
Author: Ifrah, Rabbi A. Jeff
Publication: Journal of Halacha and Contemporary Society/XXIV, The
Year: 1992, Fall / Succoth 5753 |
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| 71. | | Gosses, Responsa - Hebrew
Download: Hebrew
Author: Auerbach, R. Shlomo Zalman, as discussed by R. Leizersohn, R. Vozber
Publication: Second Intenational Conference on Medicine, Ethics & Halacha
Year: 1996 |
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| 72. | | Organ Transplants from Living Donors
Download: English
Author: Halperin, Rabbi Mordechai
Publication: ASSIA Journal of Medicine, Ethics & Halacha, Vol. II, No.1
Year: 1991, January |
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| 73. | | Legal Significance of Ruling of the Chief Rabbinate on Heart Transplants
Download: Hebrew
Author: Halperin, Rabbi Mordechai
Publication: ASSIA Book, Vol. 7, page 125
Year: 1993 |
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| 74. | | Prohibition of Murder
Download: Hebrew
Author: Nevenzahl, Rabbi Avigdor
Publication: ASSIA Book, Vol. V, page 259
Year: 1986 |
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| 75. | | Overview of Organ Transplantion
Download: Hebrew
Author: Durst, Prof. Aryeh
Publication: The First International Colloquium on Medicine, Ethics & Halacha
Year: 1993 |
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| 76. | | Moment of Death
Download: Hebrew
Author: Shachter, Rabbi Herschel
Publication: ASSIA Book, Vol. 7, pages 188-206
Year: 1993 |
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| 77. | | Heart and Liver Donation
Download: Hebrew
Author: Bar Ilan, Rabbi Naphtali
Publication: ASSIA Book, Vol. 7, pages 177-187
Year: |
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| 78. | | Terminal Patient
Download: English
Author: Goldberg, Rabbi Zalman Nechemia
Publication: The First International Coloquium on Medicine, Ethics, & Halacha
Year: 1993 |
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| 79. | | Determining the Moment of Death and Heart Transplant
Download: Hebrew
Author: Steinberg, Dr. Avraham
Publication: ASSIA Book, Vol. 7, pages 209-230
Year: 1993 |
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| 80. | | Brain Stem Death: R. Auerbach
Download: Hebrew
Author: Auerbach, R. Shlomo Zalman
Publication: ASSIA Book, Vol. 7, page 148(b) - 148(d)
Year: 1993 |
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| 81. | | Trefah
Download: Hebrew
Author: Ilani, Rabbi Yaacov
Publication: ASSIA Book, Vol. 7, pages 207-208
Year: 1993 |
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| 82. | | Heart Transplant
Download: English
Author: Halperin, Rav Mordechai
Publication:
Year: |
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| 83. | | Are Heart Transplants Allowed by Halacha?
Download: Hebrew
Author: Halperin, Rabbi Mordechai
Publication: ASSIA Book, Vol. V., page 55
Year: 1986 |
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| 84. | | Saving Lives according to the Teachings of Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Auerbach
Download: English
Author: Halperin, Rabbi Dr. Mordechai
Publication: The 2nd International Colloquium on Medicine, Ethics & Halacha
Year: 1996 |
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| 85. | | Terminally Ill Patient
Download: English Hebrew
Author: Steinberg, Dr. Avraham
Publication: First & Second International Conference of Medicine, Ethics & Halacha
Year: 1996 |
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| 86. | | Choleh Lefaneinu
Download: Hebrew
Author: Levy, Dr. Yaacov
Publication: ASSIA Book, Vol. 1, page 202
Year: 1989 |
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| 87. | | Rav Auerbach
Download: English
Author: Auerbach, Rabbi
Publication:
Year: |
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| 88. | | Prohibition of Organ Donation
Download: Hebrew
Author: Waldenberg, Rabbi Eliezer Yehuda
Publication: ASSIA Book, Vol. 7, pages 149-162
Year: 1993 |
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| 89. | | Modern Perspectives on Halacha & Medicine
Download: English
Author: Halperin, Rabbi Mordechai
Publication: ASSIA Journal of Jewish Medical Ethics and Halacha; Vol. I, No. 2
Year: May 1989 |
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| 90. | | Permissablity of Heart Transplant: Foundation of Chief Rabbinate's Ruling
Download: Hebrew
Author: Yisraeli, Rabbi Shaul
Publication: ASSIA Book, Vol. 7, pages 167-176
Year: 1993 |
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| 91. | | Cadavaric and Live Organ Donation
Download: Hebrew
Author: Yisraeli, Rabbi Shaul
Publication: The First International Colloquium on Medicine, Ethics & Halacha
Year: 1993 |
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| 92. | | Heart Transplants
Download: Hebrew
Author: Wozner, Rabbi Shmuel Halevi
Publication: ASSIA Book, Vol. 7, pages 163-165
Year: 1993 |
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| 93. | | Opinion of the Netziv from Velozhin on Brain-stem Death
Download: Hebrew
Author: Weiner, Rabbi Yaacov
Publication: ASSIA Book, Vol. 7, page 166
Year: 1993 |
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| 94. | | Jewish Perspectives on Death and Dying
Download: English
Author: Rosner, Dr./Rabbi Fred
Publication: ASSIA Journal of Jewish Medical Ethics, Vol.II, No. 1
Year: 1991, January |
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| 95. | | Gosses
Download: Hebrew
Author: Goldberg, Rabbi Zalman Nechemia
Publication: The First International Colloquium on Medicine, Ethics, & Halacha
Year: 1993 |
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| 96. | | Lack of Authority
Download: English
Author: Shafran, R. Yigal
Publication: The 2nd International Conference on Medicine, Ethics and Halacha
Year: 1996 |
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| 97. | | Personal Story - Chaya Gross
Download: Hebrew
Author: Gross, Chaya
Publication: ASSIA Book, Vol. 7, pages 231-238
Year: 1993 (Incident occurred in 1986) |
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| 98. | | Thoughts on the Jewish Perspective Regarding Organ Transplantation
Download:
Author: Mayer RNC EdD, Susan L
Publication: Journal of Transplant Coordination
Year: Unknown
HOD Comment: Reprint Requests Phone 800-899-1712 (ext 532), email ivcReprint@aol.com |
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| 99. | | Postmortem- Did Soroka Doctors Do the Right Thing?
Download:
Author: Seigel-Itzkovitch, Judy
Publication: Jerusalem Post, The
Year: 1993, Friday June 25 |
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| 100. | | Right to Live, The
Download:
Author: Fishkoff, Sue
Publication: Jerusalem Post, The
Year: 1996 January 19 |
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| 101. | | Halachic Insights into Brain-Death: Jerusalem Forum on Medicine and Halacha
Download:
Author: Unknown
Publication: Rabbi Yaakov Weiner, 23 Yonah Street, Jerusalem, 95502, Israel, Tel 02-383-558
Year: Unknown |
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| 102. | | Lethal Legislation
Download: English
Author: Robert Berman
Publication: Harvard Review Journal
Year: 2005
Publisher: Harvard University
HOD Comment: An editorial advocating the legalization and government regulation of buying and selling organs. |
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| 103. | | The Medical Basis for Determining Brain Stem Death
Download: Hebrew
Author: Sommer, Professor Haim
Publication: ASSIA 7, pg 129-136
Year: 1993 |
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| 104. | | More Regarding Rabbi Moshe Feinstein's Opinion
Download: Hebrew
Author: Lewinstein, Dr. Israel
Publication: Moment of Death
Year: 2006
Publisher: The Schlesinger Institute
HOD Comment: This article was published and made available by The Schlesinger Institute. |
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| 105. | | Flesh Trade
Download: English
Author: Stephen Dubner and Steven Levitt
Publication: New York Times Magazine
Year: July 9, 2006 |
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| 106. | | The Halachic Moment of Death
Download:
Author: Kahana Shapiro, Rav Avraham
Publication: Moment of Death
Year: 2006
Publisher: The Schlesinger Institute
HOD Comment: This article was published and made available by the Schlesinger Institute. |
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| 107. | | Principles in Cardiac Surgery
Download: Hebrew
Author: Applebaum, Prof Azai
Publication: ASSIA 6, pg 15-19
Year: 1989 |
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| 108. | | Cardiac Surgery According to Halacha
Download: Hebrew
Author: Waldenberg, Rabbi Eliezer Yehuda
Publication: ASSIA 6, pg 20-26
Year: 1989 |
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| 109. | | Opinion of Rabbi Moshe Feinstein
Download: Hebrew
Author: Levenstein, Dr.Yisrael
Publication: ASSIA 7, pg 145-146
Year: 1993 |
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| 110. | | Opinion of Rav Shlomo Zalman Auerbach on Cadavaric Donation
Download: Hebrew
Author: Avraham, Dr Avraham
Publication: ASSIA 9, 383-385
Year: 2004 |
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| 111. | | Organ Donation
Download: Hebrew
Author: Dick, Rabbi Yehuda
Publication: ASSIA 9, pg 367-377
Year: 2004 |
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| 112. | | Organ Transplantation and the Definition of the Moment of Death
Download: English
Author: Steinberg, Rabbi Dr. Avraham
Publication: www.medicalethics.org.il
Year: |
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| 113. | | Mishnayot Ohalot 1:6
Download: Hebrew
Author: Rabbi Yehuda HaNasi was the Editor
Publication: Mishnayot
Year: Circa 200
HOD Comment: Mishna states that is a living organism is decapitated, even though limbs are moving it is dead according to Halacha. |
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| 114. | | Chacham Tzvi Responsa 77
Download: English Hebrew
Author: Chacha Tzvi
Publication:
Year: Circa 1700
HOD Comment: Rav Tzvi Hirsch ben Yaakov Ashkenazi, also known as the Chacham Tzvi, was born in 1660 and died in 1718(His son was Rav Yaakov Emden). The Chacham Tzvi was known for his famous ruling that foreigners in Israel need keep only one day of a holiday.
This response states that a beating heart is a requirement for life. Some who claim that brain-stem death is not halachic death, quote this responsa to support their position because it claims one needs a beating heart to live seemingly putting emphasis on the heart.
Those who accept BSD as halachic death point out that while the Chacham Tzvi writes one needs a beating heart to live, and it necessary for life, it is not sufficient in itself. A analogy would be that an airplane needs an engine to fly and to be called an airplane. But that does not mean if you have a working engine that you have an airplane. |
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| 115. | | Teshuvot Chatam Sofer 338
Download: Hebrew
Author: Chatam Sofer, otherwise known as Rav Moshe Schreiber
Publication:
Year: Circa 1840
HOD Comment: Rav Moshe Schreiber, known as the Chatam Sofer, was born in 1763 in Frankfurt, Germany and died in Pressburg in 1840. While the Neo-Orthodox sought to engage the maskilim (enlighteners) and to directly combat them, the Chatam Sofer adopted the view of "Chadash assur min HaTorah" - all that is novel in religious practice is forbidden by the Torah.
Since this response (# 338) states that irreversible cessation of heart beat is one sign of death, those who do not accept BSD as halachic death quote this response as proof that a beating heart, at least according to the Chatam Sofer, is a sign of life and thus a person who is BSD and on a respirator is not dead according to halacha.
Those that accept BSD as halachic death point out that a) in the very same response he states that cessation of respiration is the classical definition of death according to Jewish law and to understand this apparent contradiction they point out b) this teshuva was written as a challenge and response to the secular law instituted by the Duke of Mecklenberg, Germany, in 1772 that one must wait 3 days before burying a corpse in order to ensure the person is truly dead.
According to this reading, the Chatam Sofer is simply stating the natural order of death in those days (before the invention of a respirator) is unconsciousness, irreversible cessation of heart beat, and then irreversible cessation of respiration. He states Jewish law only requires irreversible cessation of respiration as the determinant of death, but if the secular authorities want to wait even longer they can wait until cessation of heart beat and then bury the person without waiting 3 days.
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| 116. | | Divrei Chaim
Download: Hebrew
Author:
Publication: Responsum Even Haezer Vol II Listing 64
Year: |
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| 117. | | Textual Variation
Download: Hebrew
Author: Meiri
Publication:
Year:
HOD Comment: We see in this text of the Mishna that the Meiri does not quote the heart at all. |
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| 118. | |
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Author: Kesef Mishna Laws of Murders 9 9
Publication:
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| 119. | |
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Author:
Publication: Kings 1 Chapter 17 Verse 17 to 24
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| 120. | |
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Author:
Publication: Kings II Chapt 4 Verse 19 to 37
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| 121. | | Heart Transplants
Download: Hebrew
Author: Minchat Yitzchak Vol 5 Siman 7
Publication: Reponsum Minchat Yitzchak
Year: |
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| 122. | |
Download: Hebrew
Author: Minchat Yitzchak Vol 5 Siman 8
Publication: Responsum Minchat Yitzchak
Year: |
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| 123. | | Mishna Nidda Chap 10 Misna 4
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Author:
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| 124. | | Mishna Sota Chap 9 Mishna 4
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Author:
Publication:
Year:
HOD Comment: Here is a debate between navel and nose. |
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| 125. | | Mishana Yevamot Chap 16 Mishna 3
Download: Hebrew
Author:
Publication:
Year: |
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| 126. | | Moreh Nevuchim Vol I 42
Download: Hebrew
Author: Ramabam Maimonides
Publication: Moreh Nevuchim Vol I 42
Year: |
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| 127. | | Tractate Niddah 69b
Download: Hebrew
Author:
Publication: Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Niddah Page 96 b
Year: |
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| 128. | | Bet Yosef Orach Chayim 329
Download: Hebrew
Author:
Publication:
Year:
HOD Comment: Textual Varation: It has navel instead of heart. |
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| 129. | | Genesis Chap 2 Verse 7
Download: Hebrew
Author:
Publication:
Year:
HOD Comment: Source of life is breathing. |
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| 130. | | Maimonides Commentary on Mishnayot Yoma Chap 8 Mishna 5
Download: Hebrew
Author:
Publication:
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| 131. | | Maimonides Commentary on Mishaynot Sotah Chap 9 Mishna 4
Download: Hebrew
Author:
Publication:
Year:
HOD Comment: Textual Variation: Debate is between navel and nose. |
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| 132. | | Radak on Kings I Chap 17 Verse 17-24
Download: Hebrew
Author: Radak
Publication:
Year: |
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| 133. | | Radbaz Chap 2 Siman 695
Download: Hebrew
Author: Radbaz
Publication:
Year:
HOD Comment: Pregnant woman dying in labor. |
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| 134. | | Tractate Yevamot 120b
Download: Hebrew
Author:
Publication: Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Yevamot 120b
Year: |
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| 135. | | Tractate Yoma Chap 8 Page 45
Download: Hebrew
Author:
Publication: Yerushalmi Talmud
Year:
HOD Comment: Textual Variation: Here is navel instead of heart. |
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| 136. | | Tur Yoreah Deah 394
Download: Hebrew
Author:
Publication:
Year: |
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| 137. | | Tractate Sotah Page 45b
Download: Hebrew
Author:
Publication: Babylonian Talmud
Year: |
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| 138. | | Samuel 1 Chap 25 Verse 37
Download: Hebrew
Author:
Publication:
Year: |
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| 139. | | Tractate Shabbat Page 151b
Download: Hebrew
Author:
Publication: Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Shabbat Page 151b
Year: |
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| 140. | | Rosh Tractate Yoma Chap 8 Siman 16
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Author:
Publication:
Year:
HOD Comment: Textual Variation: It says Navel instead of Heart. |
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| 141. | | Responsum Rivash Siman 45
Download: Hebrew
Author:
Publication:
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| 142. | | Rif Yoma Chap 8
Download: Hebrew
Author:
Publication:
Year:
HOD Comment: Textual Variation: Here it states navel instead of heart. |
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| 143. | | Mishna Torah Shabbat Chap 2 Halacha 19
Download: Hebrew
Author: Maominodes
Publication:
Year:
HOD Comment: Maomonides rules that we only check breathing. |
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| 144. | | Mishnah Torah Laws of Murder Chap 9 Halacha 9
Download: Hebrew
Author: Maimonides
Publication:
Year: |
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| 145. | | Double Murder
Download: Hebrew
Author: Feinstein, Rabbi Moshe
Publication: Iggrot Moshe
Year: |
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| 146. | | Shulchan Aruch Yoreh Deah 339 Paragraph 1
Download: Hebrew
Author: Shulchan Aruch
Publication:
Year:
HOD Comment: Gosses. Things forbidden to do to a deathly ill person that will mostly likely die in 3 days. |
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| 147. | | Shulchan Aruch Orach Chayim 329 Saif 4
Download:
Author: Shulchan Aruch
Publication:
Year:
HOD Comment: Rules that absence of breathing determines death. |
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| 148. | | Titz Eliezer Chap 13 Siman 89 to 12
Download: Hebrew
Author: Waldenberg, Rabbi Eliezer Yehuda
Publication:
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| 149. | | Tzitz Eliezer Chap 14 Siman 81
Download: Hebrew
Author: Waldenberg, Rabbi Eliezer Yehuda
Publication:
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| 150. | | Tzitz Eliezer Chap 14 Siman 80
Download: Hebrew
Author: Waldenberg, Rabbi Eliezer Yehuda
Publication:
Year: |
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| 151. | | Tzitz Eliezer Vol 10 Siman 25 Chap 6
Download: Hebrew
Author: Waldenberg, Rabbi Eliezer Yehuda
Publication: Vol 10 Siman 25 Chap 6
Year: |
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| 152. | | Tzitz Eliezer Vol 10 Chap 25 Siman 5
Download: Hebrew
Author: Waldenberg, Rabbi Eliezer Yehuda
Publication:
Year: |
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| 153. | | Tzitz Eliezer Vol 25 Chap 25 Siman 4
Download: Hebrew
Author: Waldenberg, Rabbi Eliezer Yehuda
Publication:
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| 154. | | Avel Rabbati Chap 3 Halacha 1
Download: Hebrew
Author:
Publication:
Year:
HOD Comment: Laws of Gosses |
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| 155. | | Determing the Moment of Death: Historial, Medical and Halachic Positions
Download: Hebrew
Author: Steinberg, Rabbi Dr. Avraham
Publication:
Year:
HOD Comment: 16 pages |
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| 156. | | Determining Death and Comments on the Chief Rabbinate's Ruling
Download: Hebrew
Author: Avraham, Dr Avraham
Publication:
Year: |
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| 157. | | Brain Death: Revisiting the Rabbinic Opinions in Light of Current Medical Knowledge
Download: English
Author: Kunin, Dr. Joshua
Publication: Tradition 2004, 28:4
Year:
Publisher: Rabbinical Council of America |
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| 158. | | Don't Pull the Plug on Brain Death Just Yet.
Download: English
Author: Reichman, Dr. Rabbi Eddie
Publication: Tradition 2004, 28:4
Year:
Publisher: Rabbinical Council of America |
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| 159. | | Communications: Brain Death
Download: English
Author: Dr. Edward Reichman & Dr. Joshua Kunin
Publication: Tradition
Year: 2005 |
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| 160. | | The Case for Living Kidney Sales: Rationale, Objections, and Concerns
Download: English
Author: Arthur J. Matas
Publication: American Journal of Transplantation
Year: 2004
Publisher: Blackwell Munksgaard |
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| 161. | | Human Values and the Market: The Case of Life Insurance and Death in 19th Century America
Download: English
Author: Zelizer, Viviana
Publication: The American Journal of Society, Vol. 84, No. 3
Year: 1978
Publisher: University of Chicago Press |
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| 162. | | Kidney Exchange
Download: English
Author: Roth, Alivin; Sonmez, Tayfun; Unver, Utku
Publication: The Quarterly Journal of Economics
Year: 2004, May |
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| 163. | | Introducing Incentives in the Market for Live and Cadaveric Organ Donations
Download: English
Author: Becker, Gary S.; Elias, Julio Jorge
Publication:
Year: 2002 |
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| 164. | | Neurological Determination of Death
Download: English
Author:
Publication:
Year:
HOD Comment: This is the protocol used in Ontario Canada by physicians to determine brain death. |
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| 165. | | The Diagnosis of Brain Death
Download: English
Author: Wijdicks, M.D., Eelco
Publication: New England Journal of Medicine
Year: April 19, 2001 |
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| 166. | | Source Sheet Hebrew
Download: Hebrew
Author: Mois Navon Compiled
Publication:
Year: |
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| 167. | | Address of John Paul II to the 18th International Congress of the Transplantation Society
Download: English
Author: Pope John Paul II
Publication: Libreria Editrice Vaticana
Year: 2000 |
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| 168. | | Short and Long Term Outcomes with the use of Kidney and Liver Donated after Cardiac Death
Download: English
Author: Doshi and Hunsicker
Publication: American Journal of Transplantation
Year: 2007 |
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| 169. | | Pediatric Lived and Kidney Transplantation with Allografts from DCD Donors
Download: English
Author: Peter Abt et al
Publication: Transplantation
Year: December 27, 2006 |
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| 170. | | Transplantion of Kidneys and Livers Donated after Cardiac Death
Download: English
Author: M. D. Doshia and L. G. Hunsickerb
Publication: American Journal of Transplantation
Year: 2007 |
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| 171. | | Pediatric Liver and Kidney Transplantation From DCD Donors
Download: English
Author: Peter Abt, Randeep Kashyap, Mark Orloff
Publication: Clinical Transplantation
Year: 2006 |
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| 172. | | The Economics and Ethics for Human Organs
Download: English
Author: Henry Hansmann
Publication: Journal of Health Politics, Policy and Law
Year: 1989 |
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| 173. | | The International Organ Traffic
Download: English
Author: Rothman, David J.
Publication: 10th Annual Conference on
Year: 2002 |
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| 174. | | Renal Transplantation: Living Donors and Markets for Body Parts - Halakha in Concert with Halachic Policy or Public Policy
Download: English
Author: Rabbi Ronnie Warburg
Publication: Tradition 40:2
Year: 2007
Publisher: Rabbinical Council of America |
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| 175. | | Kidney Donors Live Longer
Download: English
Author: Fehrman-Ekholm I., Carl-Gustaf E., Stenbeck M., Tydén G., and Groth C.
Publication: Journal of Clinical Transplantation
Year: 1997 |
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| 176. | | Brain Death World Wide
Download: English
Author: Dr. Eelco Wijdicks
Publication: American Academy of Neurology
Year: 2005 |
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| 177. | | Organs For Change
Download: English
Author: Dr. Mark Siegler
Publication: The University of Chicago Magazine
Year: 2007 |
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| 178. | | The Morality of a Free Market for Transplant Organs
Download: English
Author: Mark Nelson
Publication: Public Affairs Quaterly
Year: 1991 |
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| 179. | | Payment for donor kidneys: Pros and cons
Download: English
Author: EA Friedman and AL Friedman
Publication: International Journal of Nephrology
Year: 2006 |
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| 180. | | ÷áåøä éäåãéú ùðééä - "ìé÷åè òöîåú
Download: Hebrew
Author: Dr. Dorit Gad
Publication: www.hofesh.org.il
Year: 2004 |
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| 181. | | Visual Acuity Impairment and Mortality in US Adults
Download: English
Author: David Lee, Orlando Gomez-Marin, Bryon Lam, Diane Zheng
Publication: Epidemiology and Biostatistics
Year: 2002 |
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| 182. | | Visual Impairment and Unintentional Injury Mortality: The National Heath Interview Survey 1986-1994
Download: English
Author: David Lee, Orlando Gomez-Marin, Bryon Lam, Diane Zheng
Publication: American Journal of Opthalmology
Year: 2003
HOD Comment: The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between reported visual impairment and unintentional injury mortality. It concludes the data provides evidence that severe, bilateral visual impairment is associated with an increased risk of unintentional mortality among adults in the United States. This would seem to support that saving a person from blindness is halachicly as if he is being saved from a life-threatening desease (suma kamet).
Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, Florida 33101, USA. dlee@med.miami.edu
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| 183. | | Post-Mortem Sperm Retrieval
Download: English
Author: Dr. Mordechai Halperin
Publication: Jewish Medical Ethics
Year: 2001 |
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| 184. | | Source Sheet on Organ Donation
Download: Hebrew
Author:
Publication:
Year: |
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| 185. | | Interaction of organ donor families and recipients
Download: English
Author: Lewino David, Stocks Lisa, Cole Gail
Publication: Journal of Transplant Coordination
Year: 1996 |
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| 186. | | Sales of Organs from a Living Donor for Transplant: Motivation and Decision Making
Download: English
Author: Rappoport, Shabtai
Publication: Greene Fund for Equity Studies
Year: |
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| 187. | | Sale or Donation of Human Organs
Download: English
Author: Rabbi Alfred Cohen
Publication: The Journal of Halacha
Year: 2006 |
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| 188. | | Explaining brain death: a critical feature of the donation process
Download: English
Author: Holly Franz, William Dejong, et al.
Publication: Journal of Transplant Coordination
Year: 1997 |
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| 189. | | Non-Heart-Beating Organ Donation: Process and Review
Download: English
Author: John Edwards, Richard Hasz Jr, and
Publication: AACN Clinical Issues in Critical Care Nursing
Year: 1999 |
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| 190. | | Non-Heart-Beating Donors: One Response to the Organ Shortage
Download: English
Author: Anthony M. D'Alessandro, Robert M. Hoffman, & Folkert Belzer
Publication: Transplantation Review
Year: 1995 |
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| 191. | | Observations of withdrawal of life-sustaining treatment from patients who became non-heart-beating organ donors
Download: English
Author: Michael DeVita, James Snyder, Robert M. Arnold & Laura Siminoff
Publication: Critical Care Medicine
Year: 2000 |
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| 192. | | Organ Donors: Your care is critical
Download: English
Author: John Edwards, Richard Hansz, Jerome Menendez
Publication: RN Journal
Year: 1997 |
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| 193. | | There is an answer to the shortage of organs donor
Download: English
Author: R. Neal Garrison, Fredrick R. Bentely, et al.
Publication: Surgery, Gynecolgy & Obstetrics
Year: 1991 |
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| 194. | | Transplantation of kidneys from donors whose heart have stopped beating
Download: English
Author: Yong W. Cho, Paul Terasaki, Phd, Michael Cecka, & David Gjertson
Publication: The New England Journal of Medicine
Year: 1998 |
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| 195. | | Future Market: The Sale of Human Body Parts
Download: English
Author: Jellinek, Samuel
Publication: Greene Study for Equity Studies
Year: |
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| 196. | | Consideration for a Donation
Download: English
Author: Jellinke, Samuel
Publication:
Year: |
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| 197. | | The Potential Benefits of the Pediatric Nonheartbeating Organ Donor
Download: English
Author: Tracy Kroogler and Andrew T. Costarino
Publication: American Academy of Pediatrics
Year: 1998 |
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| 198. | | Consideration for a Donation: Economic Aspects, Powerpoint Presentation
Download: Hebrew
Author: Jellinek, Samuel
Publication:
Year: |
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| 199. | | Consideration of a Donation- Powerpoint Presentation
Download: English
Author: Jellinek, Samuel
Publication:
Year:
HOD Comment: This discusses non-economics apsects |
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| 200. | | îåñø ëìéåú
Download: Hebrew
Author: â'ðéôø ñ÷å÷éï
Publication: ãéï åçùáåï
Year: 2006 |
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| 201. | | Organ Transplants from Living Donors (Kidneys)
Download: English
Author: Ronit Kedem-Dror
Publication: Knesset Library
Year: 2003 |
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| 202. | | Enough: The Failure Of The Living Will
Download: English
Author: Angela Fagerlin and Carl E. Schneider
Publication: Hastings Center Report
Year: 2004 |
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| 203. | | Nostrils, Navel or Heart?
Download: English
Author: Rabbi Alex Tal, Ph.D.
Publication: -
Year: 2007
HOD Comment: This article evaluates the textual variations of Talmud Yoma 85a concerning the sign of life and death. While the standard printed edition of the Talmud, records the debate as between checking the nostrils (respiration) and the heart (for heartbeat) most manuscripts including, the Talmud Yerushalmi, record the debate as between the nostrils and the navel. |
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| 204. | | People v. Eulo
Download: English
Author:
Publication: Court of Appealls of New York
Year: 1984
HOD Comment: In two separate criminal cases, defendants had been convicted of manslaughter in the shooting deaths of victims whose families had donated their organs for transplantation after they had been declared brain dead. The New York Court of Appeals affirmed both lower court decisions, holding that the term "death" as used in state statutes encompasses cessation of functioning of the entire brain even if the heartbeat and breathing are being sustained by artificial means and that, if victims are properly diagnosed as dead, no subsequent medical procedure such as organ removal can be deemed a cause of death. |
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| 205. | | An Equitable Distribution of Human Organs for Transplantation: Sale of Organs from a Living Donor for Transplant: Motivation and Decision Making
Download: English
Author: Rabbi Shabtai Rappoport
Publication: Greene Fund for Equity Studies
Year: 2006 |
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| 206. | | Sephardic Ruling on Brain-Stem Death
Download: English Hebrew
Author: Rabbi Amar
Publication:
Year: 2008 |
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| 207. | | Payment for Donor Kidneys: Pros and Cons
Download: English
Author: EA Friedman and Al Friedman
Publication: Kidney International
Year: 2006
Publisher: International Society of Nephrology |
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| 208. | | Retrospective Follow-Up of Transplantation of Kidneys from 'Marginal' Donors
Download: English
Author: D. Dahmane et al.
Publication: Kidney International
Year: 2006
Publisher: International Society of Nephrology |
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| 209. | | Why We Should Develop a Regulated System of Kidney Sales: A Call for Action!
Download: English
Author: Arthur J. Matas
Publication: The American Society of Nephrology
Year: 2006 |
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| 210. | | An Ethical Market in Human Organs
Download: English
Author: Charles Erin and John Harris
Publication: J. Med. Ethics
Year: 2003 |
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| 211. | | Brain Death
Download: English
Author: J.M. Elliot
Publication: Trauma
Year: 2003 |
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| 212. | | Ethical Incentives-- Not Payment-- For Organ Donation
Download: English
Author:
Publication: The New England Journal of Medicine
Year: 2002
Publisher: Massachusetts Medical Society |
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| 213. | | Methods and Principles in biomedical Ethics
Download: English
Author: T.L. Beauchamp
Publication: J. Med. Ethics
Year: 2003 |
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| 214. | | Expanding the Donor Pool: Effect on Graft Outcome
Download: English
Author: E. Ramos, S. Aoun, W.E. Hermon
Publication: Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
Year: 2002
Publisher: The American Society of Nephrology |
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| 215. | | Kaddish for J.J. Greenberg
Download: English
Author: Jonathan Mark
Publication: Jewish Week Blog
Year: 2008
Publisher: The Jewish Week Blog
HOD Comment: Written for the sixth yahrtzeit of J.J. Greenberg, Tuesday, the 8th of Tishrei (Oct. 7, 2008) |
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| 216. | | Organ Transplantation in Israel of 2007 - realitty and vision
Download: English
Author: Gurman, G.M.
Publication: Harefuah:147 (5)
Year: 2008 |
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